Introduction
The extraction and processing of lithium from spodumene has become increasingly critical in response to the surging demand for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. This article explores the hard rock lithium flowsheets utilized to convert spodumene, a key lithium-bearing mineral, into battery-grade lithium hydroxide. By examining the various steps involved in this complex process—including crushing, flotation, roasting, leaching, and purification—we aim to provide a extensive understanding of how these methods optimize yield and purity. Ultimately, this overview will shed light on the technological advancements and challenges facing the lithium industry as it seeks to meet global energy transition goals.
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